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Monday 30 January 2012

TEST ORGANISM FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY OF ANTIBIOTICS


ANTIBIOTIC              -                 TEST ORGANISM

Amikacin   -  staphlococcus aureus
Amphotericin B  - saccharomyces cerevisiae
Bacitracin  - micrococcus luteus
Bleomycin  -   mycobacterium smegmatis
Carbenicillin  - pseudomonas aeruginosa
Doxycycline  - staphlococcus aureus
Erythromycin  - micrococcus luteus
Framycetin -  bacillus pumilis , staphylococcus aureus
gentamycin  -  staphylococcus epidermidis
Kanamycin  -   bacillus pumilis, staphylococcus aureus
kanamycin B  - bacilus subtilis
Neomycin  - staphlococcus epidermidis
Novobiocin  - staphlococcus epidermidis
Nystatin  - saccharomyces cerevisiae
Oxyteracycline  - bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus
Polymyxin B  - bordetella bronchiseptica
Rifamycin  -  bacillus subtilis
Streptomycin  -  bacillus subtilis , klebsiella pneumoniae
Tetracycline  -  bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus

VACCINES


LIVE ATTENUATED:

measles
mumps 
polio
rubella
typhoid
varicella
tuberculosis
yellowfever

INACTIVATED:

rabies
influenza
tetanus
hepatits A


RECOMBINANT:

hepatitis B


TOXOID:

diptheria
tetanus

SYNONYM - COMMON NAME


Rochelle salt   -   sodium potassium tartarate
Dakins solution  -  sodium hypochloride
Glaubers salt  -  sodium sulphate
Epsom salt   -  magnesium sulphate
china clay  -  heavy kaolin
Gypsum -  calcium sulphate
Calomel  -  mercurous chloride
Soap clay  -  bentonite
French chalk - talc
Alum -  potassium aluminium sulphate
Hypo - sodium thiosulphate
precipitated chalk  -  calcium carbonate
Slaked lime -  calcium hydroxide
Bleaching powder  - chlorinated lime
Burrows solution  -  aluminium acetate solution
laughing gas  -  nitrous oxide
Lugols solution - aqueous iodine solution
Iodine tincture -  weak iodine solution
knock out drops - chloral hydrate

Description of some Important Abbreviations:-


AAAS                     American Association of Advancement of Science
AALAS                   American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
AIDS                      Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome              
AIOPI                    Association of Information Officers of the Pharmaceutical Industry
ALF                         American Liberation Front
ANDA                    Abbreviated New Drug Application
BEA                        Breeding for Experimental Animals
BINAS                   Biosafety Information Network and Advisory Service
BMA                      British Medical Association
BMJ                       British Medical Journal
BPC                        Bulk Pharmaceutical Chemicals
BPI                         British Pharmaceutical Index
BrAPP                   British Association of Pharmaceutical Physicians
BUAV                    British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection
CADD                    Computer Aided Drug Design
CDC                        Centre for Disease Control
CIOMS                  Council for International Organisations of Medical Sciences
CPCSEA                        
        Committee for Purpose of Control & Supervision of Experimental Animals
CPI                         Consumer Price Index  
CRA                        Clinical Research Associate
CRC                        Clinical Research Council
CRF                        Case Report Form
CRN                       Clinical Research Network
CRO                       Contract Research Organisation
CSM                       Committee on Safety of Medicines
CTA                        Clinical Trial Authorisation (formerly the CTX, CTC, DDX)
CTC                        Clinical Trial Certificate (Now CTA)
CTC                        Clinical Trials Centre
CTD                        Common Technical Document
CTD                        Common Technical Document
CTX                        Clinical Trial Exemption (Now CTA)
DRA                       Drug Regulatory Affairs
DUMP                   Disposal of Unwanted Medicines and Poisons
EFPIA                    European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries & Associations
EMEA                    European Medicine Agency       
FDA                        Food & Drug Administration
FIP                          International Pharmaceutical Federations
GCP                       Good Clinical Practices
GLP                        Good Laboratory Practices
GMP                      Good Manufacturing Practices
Gxp                        Generic term for good practice requirements in the Pharmaceutical industry
HIS                         Indian Health Services
HPLC                      High Performance Liquid Chromatography
HRSA                     Health Resources & Service Administration
IACUC                   Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
IAES                       Institutional Animal Ethics Committee
ICDRA                   International Conference for Drug Regulatory Authorities
ICH                         International Conference on Harmonization of technical requirement for registration of pharmaceuticals
IIG                          Inactive Ingredient Guide           
IMP                        Investigational Medicinal Products IMP - Investigational Medicinal Products
IMPD                     Investigational Medicinal Product Dossier
INDA                     Investigational New Drug Application
INN                        International non-proprietary names (for pharmaceutical substances)
INTDIS                  International Drug Information System - the previous WHO adverse reactions database
IPC                         Indian Pharmaceutical Congress
IPGA                      Indian Pharmacy Graduate Association
ISO                         International Organization for Standardization
ISoP                       International Society of Pharmacovigilance
ISPE                       International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology
MedDRA              Medical Dictionary for Drug Regulatory Affairs
NAFDAC               National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, Nigeria
NCPA                    National Community of Pharmacist Association
NCPO                    National Conference of Pharmaceutical Organisations
NDA                       New Drug Application
NDMS                   National Disaster Medical System
NME                      New Molecule Entity
NSAID                   Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug

Organic reactions imp for NIPER JEE

GPAT 2012 : PHARMACEUTICS Revision Notes


CAPSULE NO & THEIR APPROXIMATE CAPACITY IN mg & ml

000  -950  - 1.37
00   -650   - 0.95
0 -  450  - 0.68
1 -  300  - 0.50
2   -  250  - 0.37
3  -  200  - 0.30
4   -  150  - 0.21
5 -  100  - 0.13




PROPORTIONS REQUIRED FOR A PRIMARY EMULSION

   
  (oil:water:gum)
Fixed oils :-  4:2:1
Volatile oils:- 2:2:1
Mineral oils:- 3:2:1
Oleoresins:-1:2:1


        
     

CODE:  LPSO ( apply this for tweens & spans)

for eg .. spans 20  mean     sorbitan mono laurate
              tween 80  mean     Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate

L :Laurate   - 20
P : Palmitate - 40
S: Stearate -  60
O: Oleate    -  80




SOLUBILITY

DESCRIPTIVE TERM     -   APPROX VOL OF SOLVENT IN ml/gm OF SOLUTE

Verysoluble                 -   less than 1
Freely soluble              -    1 - 10 
Soluble-    10 - 30
Sparingly soluble   -    30 - 100
Slightly soluble            -   100 - 1000
Very slightly soluble    -   1000 - 10,000
Practically insoluble    -    more than 10,000



STORAGE TEMPERATURE

 Cold   -     2 - 8  degree centi
Cool  -      8 - 25
Room -  temp prevailing in the working area
Warm -between 30 - 40
Excessive heat  -  > 40 degree  



SUCROSE BASED DILUANTS 

Dipac  -   97 % sucrose  + 3% moddified dextrose
Nutab  -  95 % sucrose + 4 % invert sugar
Sugar tab  -  90 - 93 % sucrose + 7 - 10 % invert sugar


Compressibility index / carrs index = tapped density - bulk density / tapped density
hausners ratio = tapped density / bulk density




ANGLE OF REPOSE                   FLOW CHARACTER

25 - 30  -              Excellent
31 - 35 -              Good
36 - 40  -               Fair
41 - 45  -              Passable
46 - 55 -                poor
56 - 65 -             Very poor
>66   -           very very poor





Types of Glass used in Pharmaceutical Industries
Parenteral Use
Type I Glass:
Highly Resistant Borosillicate.
Used for Buffered and Unbuffered aqueous solution.

Type II Glas: 
Highly Resistant Sodalime glass.
Buffered aqueous solution below pH 7.0

Type III Glass:
Moderately Resistant Sodalime glass.
Used for dry powder and oily solution.

Non-Parenteral Use
Type IV Glass:
General Purpose Sodalime glass.
Not for parenteral, for tablet,liquid oral and externals.